11th BIENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENC=
E OF
THE ANATOMICAL SOCIETY OF WEST AFRICA
26-28 JUL 2012
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF JOS, NIGERIA
SATELLITE
WORKSHOP ON ELECTRONIC MEDICINE & ANATOMY
WORKING DOCUMENT
26 JULY 2012
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONIC MEDIICNE- What is Electronic Medicine ; = what is medical informatics?
Electronic Medicine
|
That branch of Medicine which
deals with the use of computers and information technology in the learnin=
g and
practice of medicine? Why electronic Medicine? Because it is cheaper on the l=
ong
run, just as in Electronic Banking, for the developing world. It is div=
ided
into two broad categories · &nb=
sp;
Electronic
learning
Compare with Electronic
Banking · &nb=
sp;
·&=
nbsp;
Obtain money anywhere in the world
· &nb=
sp;
·&=
nbsp;
Do banking transactions anywhere in the world
· &nb=
sp;
·&=
nbsp;
Use mobile phones, internet etc for banking
eMedicine · &nb=
sp;
·&=
nbsp;
Access to case notes anywhere in the world
· &nb=
sp;
·&=
nbsp;
Access to consultant’s diagnosis and treatment anywhere in the worl=
d · &nb=
sp;
·&=
nbsp;
Case notes – known as eMR (electronic medical records) in digital
format · &nb=
sp;
·&=
nbsp;
Emedicine gadgets such as electronic labor monitoring, eEEG, eECG, eETG, =
etc · &nb=
sp;
·&=
nbsp;
eDiagnostic programmes -free and available
· &nb=
sp;
&nb=
sp;
Telemedicine |
|
![3Delectr](3D"workshop_files/image001.gif")
![3Delectr1](3D"workshop_files/image003.jpg")
eTreatment
=
· =
&nb=
sp;
ePrescription
=
· =
&nb=
sp;
eSurgery- e.g.&nbs=
p;
Da Vinci robotics (telesurgery), keyhole surgery
=
· =
&nb=
sp;
eHealth testing
· &nbs=
p;
eLearning
=
· =
&nb=
sp;
· &nbs=
p;
Robotics versus virtual learning
o For
medical students (use of laptops, mobile phones)
o For
continuing education doctors
o For
practitioners
· =
&nb=
sp;
eDemonstrations
· =
&nb=
sp;
ePatient
· =
&nb=
sp;
eHistory
· =
&nb=
sp;
eExamination
· =
&nb=
sp;
eDoctor
· =
&nb=
sp;
eMidwife
· =
&nb=
sp;
eDiagnosis
The principle on w=
hich
Electronic Medicine in this website is based is called integrated procedural
electronic medicine (IPE=
M) see Medical Teacher 31 (6) 562, 2009.. Presentation on this website is equally =
stylish.
Proceed to Computer game page
<=
b>Discussion on Electronic Medicine
This Electronic
Medicine school (only one of its kind) teaches Medicine, using virtual patients and
procedures, as a single whole with integration of all its component subject=
s by
multiple links and emphasis on electronic media learning for procedures. It=
has
over 50,000 entries which maximize acquisition of medical skills using virt=
ual
environment rather than rote. Practically all medical skills and laboratori=
es
are here with multimedia to explain very difficult theoretical concepts. It
uses JAVA
MACHINE with multimedia
facilities and hypertext files for learning. Are you preparing for professi=
onal
or repeat examinations or a doctor/student who wants to learn/refresh clini=
cal
or other practical skills? This is for you!
While you can copy most texts, the multimedia facilities are not printable =
or
copiable except by freehand, but there are free downloads and buywares. The
entire website based on IPE=
M is FREE for learning. It was first dem=
onstrated at Imperial College, St Mary's Hospital,
London, May 2008, at Oxford World Forum August 2008 and published in Medical Teacher 31 (6) 562, 2009.
|
http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com |
||
|
http://www.ncl.ac.uk/about/facilities/list/anatomy+and=
+clinical+skills+centre |
||
|
http://www.dundee.ac.uk/clinsk=
ills/index.php |
||
|
http://www.qub.ac.uk/cskills/i=
ndex.htm |
||
|
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/researc=
h/visible/visible_human.html |
||
|
http://www.bartleby.com/107/ |
||
|
Medical mnemonics |
||
|
http://www.xray2000.co.uk/ibase5/index.htm<=
/a> |
||
|
Online Physical Exam videos |
||
|
Heart & breath sounds |
||
|
Yale University Electronic Dissector=
|
http://info.med.yale.edu/surge=
ry/anatomy/electronic_dissector.php |
|
|
eMedicine |
||
|
University of California |
|
Examine the Human Anatomy Museum, Jos physically and virtually.
Trip to the human Anatomy Museum JOS
Electronic dissector-
Elementary and advanced dissectors
Digital locator
Osteology Practical- Bone scan and encyclopedia
27
JULY 2012
Change/alternative-unique websty=
le: The entire website has the educational philosophy of
providing alternative means of studying modern medicine which is invigorati=
ng,
stimulating and above all, romantic for the young (see webstyle). Above all, it is meant for revision! Hence it uses
stupendous illustrations and videos for visual learners, talk for auditory learners and <=
/span>skills for
the kinesthetic learner. It is based on a modicum of modern learning
theory and IPEM=
..
INTEGRATION: By far the most important utility and uniqueness of th=
is
site is the ability to place all medical subjects together in a virtual
environment so that one can be linked to the other as they should be, since
patients present integrated and not in subjects. Hence this is the very fir=
st
true integration of discipline of Medicine. All web pages have links to eve=
ry subject.
PROCEDURAL
eMEDICINE: The summary of all the above i=
s in
procedural electronic Medicine. All procedures in medicine; therapeutic and
diagnostic are placed on this web as either videos or animations to teach.<=
b>
The use of the site, it is believed, can reduce the time to acquire importa=
nt
procedural skills in Medicine. Even the =
layman can learn as much as is acceptable by law! This medical
education style is labeled integrated procedural electronic medicine
(IPEM). Check IPEM=
. Below are other unique aspects of the site in subjects=
-
Embryology: First program to have all processes in human
embryology animated for easy understanding. It has a body link scan.
Histology: Histology is completely integrated with division into
histophysiology, histopharmacology, histopathology and histochemistry with =
Gross
anatomy: All items=
can
be located with the use of digital
locator which identifies and locates any
structural item, by its region and depth. Each item also has many diagrams =
and
pictures to illustrate it. Muscles actions are animated with videos. There =
is
an elementary and electronic
dissector of the human body and
Physiology: Instrument
physiology is highlighted. Physiological
processes are animated and integrated with histology and histochemistry.
Biochemistry: Defines all structural building blocks of the human bo=
dy.
Pathology: There is a pathology
museum with numerous pictures of many
diseases conditions. A virtual postmortem can be performed. Again general pathological processes
(such as
Pharmacology: Deals with basic histopharmacology which will form the basis for therapeutics in the futur=
e of
the website.
Medicine: Examination of virtual
patients with long and short cases which are as real as actual examination. Auscultation, inspection and percussion can be performed with ease using mouse or hamster=
for
any part of the virtual body and all abnormal and normal sounds with phonog=
rams
can be displayed. Palpation may
be only achieved with minimal to medium dexterity. Clinical signs are
animated and all clinical investigations (laboratory, radiology postmortem etc) can be ordered by just a touch of mouse. All clini=
cal
features have links to their basic and pathological sciences for maximum
understanding. This is the first program of its kind. See =
Electronic
Doctor.
Electronic
Patient: This is the only program that has achieved success in the
process of mimicking electronic patients' clinical signs and symptoms for
virtual and personal study outside the hospital setting.
Surgery: Animated and picture surgery to include videos of vari=
ous processes of surgical procedures. See hernia
surgery and Electronic Surgery. All instruments are displayed.
Obstetrics: All child
delivery procedures are animated for easy
understanding. All instruments are displayed for maximum learning. Electronic
Midwife
Community
Health.
With a complete =
public
health museum and a vast array of pictures
in gallery of tropical diseases it also ventures into virtual communi=
ties
for community
diagnoses.
Clinical examination/evaluation: Traditional methods of long cases and short cases of t=
he
OSCE (objective structured clinical assessment) variety called eOSCE are provided in this website using mimiced patient dise=
ases
processes called electronic patients. A long case can take up to 1 hour and a short one rang=
es
from 1 minute to 15 minutes. It is the brightest of the functionalities of =
this
site for examinations are also evaluated and can be used by the
clinician/teacher to examine all his students at a go without the need for
feeding patients etc., under the examinations module. For the student it provides revision under the =
There is a prominent teachers
page which highlights various items =
for
display from this website in the class room, using modern mobile phone mode=
ms
etc, for on-line examinations, tutorial=
s, study and even games projected in the classroom.
FUTURE: This website is presently MAINLY for diagnosis rather =
than
therapeutics. The next phase of its future development will be treatment of=
all
disease conditions and integration with electronic machines and gadgetry. I=
t is
a 21 year project built in three phases. The first phase which began in Aug=
ust
2001 ended in November 2008.
Enjoy this website, whether y=
ou
are a teacher or a student. It is for you!
The very intelligent websi=
te
for Medicine
Website
engines
The following are the
engines used in electronic learning of medicine on this website with links =
to a
single example. Each engine contains many machines, the most common of whic=
h is
the JAVA machine.
MAINLY NON
CLINICAL ENGINES
Picture
display engines
(display all pictures/images)
JAVA display machine
Other display machines
=
Hypertexted
machines (machines
embedded in pages which contain numerous links)
Animators (animate series of images mostly to provide
JAVA animators
&n=
bsp;
Line
animators
Diagram
animators
Organ
display animators
Mosquito
sound animation
Action display engines: roll over mouse to display - cough, sneeze: click- put on/o=
ff
machine
Simulators (simulates real life situation)
=
Dissectors (dissect the human body)
Multilink
dissectors (complete dissectors
which reduce skin to bone, with links to all structures)
<=
span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sa=
ns-serif"'>Rotators (rotate organs or regions)
Rotator
scan (rotates all struct=
ures
in the body-e.g. bone rotator)
Organ
sectors (program which slic=
es
organ to display internal structure)
Virtual reality (a program that can allow self rotation of structure with t=
he
use of mouse)
Virtual
reality (Quicktime)
Virtual
reality (VRML) -you need vrml
program on your system
Virtual
museums frames (display museums as in real life in real tim=
e)
Tissue
processor (a program which helps to process tissue for
histological demonstration)
Tissue
diagnostic (a program designed to allow diagnosis of ti=
ssue
sections)
Search e=
ngines
Quiz engines<=
span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font=
-family:
"Times New Roman";color:white'>
<=
span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sa=
ns-serif"'>Grades
only quizzes (examinations)
Grades
and answers quizzes
(tutorials)
Hypertexted
study quizzes (study)
Concepts e.g. theory
of evolution
Videos
MAINLY CLINICAL ENGI=
NES
Diagnostic
pictures (single still frame pictures that provide all
features for diagnosis of particular disease entity)
Clinical
simulators (simulates treatment methods or clinical
sign/feature); Tropical
ataxic neuropathy
Xray
sectors (program which
can scan the entire body for X rays of its various regions)
Ultrasound
sectors (program which can =
scan
the entire body for ultrasound of its various regions)
CAT
scan sectors (program which can scan the entire body for =
CAT
scan of its various regions)
MRI
sectors (program which can =
scan
the entire body for MRI of its various regions)
Histosectors (program which can scan the entire body for histological secti=
ons
of its various organs)
Biopsy
Postmortem
Surgical
operators (program that can surgically operate any par=
t of
the body)
Virtual
patients (use series of pict=
ures
to demonstrate patients' clinical features)
Clinical examiners (program which can be used for any type of clinical
examination)
History
takers (program which takes
history from patient
Vital signs takers (program which takes vital signs)
Temperature
takers
Pulse
takers
Repiratory
rate takers
Inspect=
ors
(program which inspects the body in clinical examination)
&n=
bsp;
Eye
inspector
Magnifier
Light
inspectors
Examiner's
inspectors
Palpators (program
which palpates the body in clinical examination)
Mouse
palpators
Organ-display
palpators
Hand
palpators
Examiner's
palpators
Percussors
(program which percusses the body in clinical examination)
Hand
percussor
Mouse
percussor
&n=
bsp;
Examiner's
percussor
Auscultators (program which auscultates the body in clinical examinat=
ion)
Mouse
auscultator
Stethoscope
auscultators
Examiner's
auscultators
Clinical
videos
PROGRAMS
M=
useums
|
Human anatomy Museum with disp=
lay
of dissected specimen for the entire body, |
|
|
Public
Health Museum of the
University of Jos with display of endemic parasites, hosts and clinical
features of endemic diseases |
|
|
Pathology and hematology specimen used in the University of Jos
Medical School |
|
Program designed for amateurs =
with
a general tour of the website |
|
|
Program designed to examine and
search all items of human anatomy |
|
|
Program designed for beginners=
in
Medicine |
|
|
Page which includes all links =
and
URLs (addresses) for use by teachers in a digital classroom |
|
|
All courses in Medicine in the
entire website |
|
|
All laboratories, practical,
clinics and surgeries for all subjects of medicine |
|
|
Electronic
OSCE (objecti=
ve
structured clinical examination) |
All examinations in medicine to
include study, tutorial examinations |
|
Museum containing only bones |
|
|
Program that dissects the enti=
re
human body with only few structures labeled |
|
|
Program that dissects the enti=
re
body with all structures labeled |
|
|
Program that assists the docto=
r in
making diagnosis of virtual sick patients |
|
|
Program designed to teach the
fundamentals of child delivery for simple and complicated cases |
|
|
Program designed to teach surg=
ery
by anatomy simulation and surgical videos |
|
|
Program designed to teach prin=
ciples
of fracture causation and management |
|
|
Program designed to perform
virtual postmortem on virtual cadavers |
|
|
Contains all items in the webs=
ite |
|
|
Contains 100 most common disea=
ses |
|
|
Contains all investigations kn=
own
to humankind |
|
|
Contains all nomenclature in
medicine and anatomy |
|
|
Program which integrates all
subjects in medicine for each organ selected |
|
|
Program which integrates clini=
cal
examination with clinical and preclinical subjects |
|
|
Program for clinical
specializations which are integrated between all clinical subjects=
|
|
|
Prolegomena of dentistry and s=
tudy
of teeth |
|
|
Program which locates any
structure by depth in the body and highlights it |
|
|
Program designed to teach all
procedures in medicine |
|
|
The entire Electronic School of
Medicine program for 10 semesters |
|
|
Search for all anatomy items in
the human body |
|
|
Gross anatomy items |
|
|
Search for all medical items u=
sing
the medical dictionary |
|
|
Clinical cases discussed in
multidisciplinary sessions |
|
|
Clinical cases woven into
pathological postmortem diagnoses |
|
|
Clinical demonstration for
preclinical students |
|
|
Program designed to administer
quizzes to students in all courses in medicine for 18 months |
|
|
Program for playing anatomy ga=
mes
similar to Ludo game |
|
|
A simple Atlas of the entire h=
uman
body |
|
|
Extensive tutorial course on
individual bones |
|
|
Tutorial course on individual
bones in animated Power Point Presentations |
|
|
Encyclopedia of all human bone=
s |
|
|
All professional examinations =
in
Medicine |
|
|
All tropical diseases highligh=
ted |
|
|
A modest list of high
technological medical conditions such as IVF etc |
|
Demonstrations of Electronic Book=
s Computerized
Histology & Cell Biology Practical Computerized
Embryology Practical Computerized
Osteology Practical & Tutorial Computerized
Gross anatomy Practical Computerized
Pocket Anatomy |
Useful Links Electronic School of Med=
icine
Download for Links |
Professor Oluwole Ogunranti
Workshop Principal.